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Common Questions

• What is male infertility?

  Male infertility occurs when a man has difficulty contributing to a pregnancy. This may be due to:

  • Low sperm production
  • Poor sperm movement or abnormal sperm shape
  • Blockages that inhibit the delivery of sperm
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Illness, injury or underlying medical conditions

  At City Fertility, we provide comprehensive male fertility testing to help identify potential issues early. Understanding your fertility health allows you to make informed decisions about treatment when consulting with a fertility specialist.

• What are the common signs of male infertility?

  In many cases, male infertility has no obvious symptoms. However, some men may experience:

  • Difficulties with sexual function, including erectile dysfunction
  • Testicular pain, swelling or lumps
  • Sparse facial or body hair
  • Changes in libido
  • A diminished sense of smell

  If you notice any of these symptoms or if you have concerns about your fertility, booking an appointment with a fertility specialist is a proactive first step.

• What factors can increase the likelihood of male infertility?

  Several lifestyle and medical factors can affect sperm quality and overall fertility, including:

  • A lack of regular exercise
  • Smoking
  • Drinking alcohol
  • Carrying extra weight
  • Heat stress from tight pants or shorts
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Increasing age, with a gradual decline in sperm quality, typically from around 40 to 45 years

  If any of these apply to you, a sperm test can provide clarity about your current fertility status.

• How do you test male fertility?

  Male fertility testing usually begins with a semen analysis/sperm test. This involves providing a fresh sperm sample, which is assessed in our laboratory for sperm count, movement and shape. These factors help determine how well sperm may fertilise an egg.

  Depending on your results and medical history, additional tests may be recommended. This can include blood tests to assess hormone levels, genetic screening, or imaging to investigate potential structural issues.

  Early testing provides clarity and can help guide the most appropriate next steps. To discuss your fertility health in more detail, book an appointment with one of our fertility specialists.

• What happens if I do have fertility issues?

  If testing shows that male infertility is contributing to difficulty conceiving, there are effective treatment options available.

  The most appropriate approach will depend on the underlying cause and the severity of the sperm issue. In some cases, lifestyle changes or medical treatment may improve sperm quality. In others, assisted reproductive treatments may be recommended, such as intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilisation (IVF), or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg.

  A fertility specialist will assess your individual results and medical history to recommend a treatment plan tailored to you and your partner, with the goal of achieving the best possible outcome.

• Can you improve sperm health?

  While not all causes of male infertility are preventable, you can support your sperm health by:

  • Reducing or cutting out alcohol
  • Quitting smoking, vaping or shisha
  • Maintaining a healthy diet and exercise regimen
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Keeping your groin area cool (e.g., no saunas, hot tubs or tight underwear)
  • Avoiding steroid and peptide use
  • Avoiding pesticides and chemicals.

  For more tips, view our ‘Tips to Boost’ factsheet.